Operators and Functions

TinySystems expressions support a variety of operators and built-in functions for data manipulation.

Arithmetic Operators

Basic Math

Operator	Description	Example	Result
+	Addition	{{5 + 3}}	8
-	Subtraction	{{10 - 4}}	6
*	Multiplication	{{6 * 7}}	42
/	Division	{{15 / 3}}	5
%	Modulo (remainder)	{{17 % 5}}	2

With Variables

total: {{$.price * $.quantity}}
discount: {{$.total * 0.1}}
finalPrice: {{$.total - $.discount}}
average: {{$.sum / $.count}}

Operator Precedence

Standard mathematical precedence applies:

1. Parentheses ()
2. Multiplication, Division, Modulo *, /, %
3. Addition, Subtraction +, -

# Without parentheses: 2 + (3 * 4) = 14
result1: {{2 + 3 * 4}}

# With parentheses: (2 + 3) * 4 = 20
result2: {{(2 + 3) * 4}}

Comparison Operators

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal	{{$.a == $.b}}
!=	Not equal	{{$.a != $.b}}
>	Greater than	{{$.a > $.b}}
<	Less than	&#123;&#123;$.a < $.b&#125;&#125;
>=	Greater or equal	&#123;&#123;$.a >= $.b&#125;&#125;
<=	Less or equal	&#123;&#123;$.a <= $.b&#125;&#125;

Examples

isEqual: {{$.count == 10}}
isPositive: {{$.value > 0}}
inRange: {{$.age >= 18 && $.age <= 65}}
isEmpty: {{$.items.length == 0}}

Type Comparison

# String comparison
isAdmin: {{$.role == 'admin'}}

# Number comparison
isExpensive: {{$.price > 100}}

# Boolean comparison
isActive: {{$.enabled == true}}

Logical Operators

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Logical AND	{{$.a && $.b}}
||	Logical OR	{{$.a || $.b}}
!	Logical NOT	{{!$.a}}

Truth Tables

AND (&&)

A	B	A && B
true	true	true
true	false	false
false	true	false
false	false	false

OR (||)

A	B	A || B
true	true	true
true	false	true
false	true	true
false	false	false

Complex Conditions

# Multiple conditions
canAccess: {{$.isLoggedIn && $.hasPermission}}

# Either condition
notify: {{$.isUrgent || $.isHighPriority}}

# Negation
isDisabled: {{!$.enabled}}

# Combined
showWarning: {{($.count > 100 || $.force) && !$.silent}}

Ternary Operator

The conditional (ternary) operator:

condition ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse

Basic Usage

status: "{{$.active ? 'enabled' : 'disabled'}}"
message: "{{$.count > 0 ? 'Has items' : 'Empty'}}"

Nested Ternary

# Multiple conditions (use sparingly for readability)
grade: "{{$.score >= 90 ? 'A' : ($.score >= 80 ? 'B' : ($.score >= 70 ? 'C' : 'F'))}}"

Type-Preserving

# Return different types based on condition
result: {{$.hasData ? $.data : []}}
value: {{$.count > 0 ? $.count : 0}}

String Operators

Concatenation

Use + to join strings:

fullName: "{{$.firstName + ' ' + $.lastName}}"
url: "{{$.baseUrl + '/api/' + $.endpoint}}"

Template Strings

Embed expressions in strings:

greeting: "Hello, {{$.name}}!"
summary: "Order {{$.orderId}}: {{$.itemCount}} items totaling ${{$.total}}"

Default Value Operator

The || operator provides fallback values:

# Use default if null/undefined/empty
name: "{{$.name || 'Anonymous'}}"
count: {{$.count || 0}}
items: {{$.list || []}}

# Chain multiple defaults
value: "{{$.primary || $.secondary || $.fallback || 'default'}}"

Built-in Functions

Time Functions

now()

Returns the current timestamp as a Unix timestamp in nanoseconds:

timestamp: "{{now()}}"

RFC3339()

Formats a timestamp as RFC3339 string:

formatted: "{{RFC3339(now())}}"
# Output: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"

Type Conversion Functions

string()

Convert to string:

countStr: "{{string($.count)}}"
boolStr: "{{string($.active)}}"

int()

Convert to integer:

num: {{int($.stringNumber)}}
rounded: {{int($.floatValue)}}

String Functions

upper()

Convert to uppercase:

loud: "{{upper($.text)}}"
# "hello" → "HELLO"

lower()

Convert to lowercase:

quiet: "{{lower($.text)}}"
# "HELLO" → "hello"

trim()

Remove whitespace from ends:

clean: "{{trim($.input)}}"
# "  hello  " → "hello"

len()

Get string length:

length: {{len($.text)}}

Math Functions

round()

Round to nearest integer:

rounded: {{round($.value)}}
# 3.7 → 4
# 3.2 → 3

floor()

Round down:

floored: {{floor($.value)}}
# 3.7 → 3
# 3.2 → 3

ceil()

Round up:

ceiling: {{ceil($.value)}}
# 3.2 → 4
# 3.7 → 4

abs()

Absolute value:

absolute: {{abs($.value)}}
# -5 → 5
# 5 → 5

Array Functions

len() for Arrays

Get array length:

count: {{len($.items)}}

Or use .length property:

count: {{$.items.length}}

Operator Summary Table

Category	Operators
Arithmetic	+ - * / %
Comparison	== != > < >= <=
Logical	&& || !
Conditional	? :
Default	||
Member Access	. []

Function Summary Table

Function	Purpose	Example
now()	Current timestamp	{{now()}}
RFC3339()	Format timestamp	{{RFC3339(now())}}
string()	Convert to string	{{string(42)}}
int()	Convert to integer	{{int("42")}}
upper()	Uppercase string	{{upper("hi")}}
lower()	Lowercase string	{{lower("HI")}}
trim()	Trim whitespace	{{trim(" hi ")}}
len()	Length of string/array	{{len($.items)}}
round()	Round number	{{round(3.5)}}
floor()	Round down	{{floor(3.9)}}
ceil()	Round up	{{ceil(3.1)}}
abs()	Absolute value	{{abs(-5)}}

Combining Operations

Complex Calculations

# Calculate discounted total
subtotal: {{$.price * $.quantity}}
discount: {{$.subtotal * ($.discountPercent / 100)}}
tax: {{($.subtotal - $.discount) * 0.08}}
total: {{$.subtotal - $.discount + $.tax}}

Conditional Formatting

# Format based on value
display: "{{$.count > 0 ? string($.count) + ' items' : 'Empty'}}"

# Price formatting
priceDisplay: "${{round($.price * 100) / 100}}"

Data Validation

# Check multiple conditions
isValid: {{$.email != '' && len($.email) > 5 && $.age >= 18}}

# Provide validated value or error
result: "{{$.isValid ? $.data : 'Invalid input'}}"

Next Steps

• Expression Examples - Real-world examples
• Expression Syntax - Syntax reference
• Data Mapping - Using expressions in flows